The Diplomat notes that China is increasingly relying on a range of low‑intensity measures to assert its maritime claims, moving beyond overt naval deployments toward a more nuanced form of coercion. Analysts cited by the outlet observe that Beijing is integrating legal arguments, administrative actions and the deployment of maritime militia vessels to create pressure points without crossing the threshold of open conflict.

In the South China Sea, the report highlights a pattern of Chinese coast guard and fishing fleets conducting coordinated patrols that block or harass foreign vessels, often under the pretext of enforcing domestic regulations. These actions are complemented by the use of “lawfare” – the strategic invocation of domestic statutes and international legal arguments to legitise restrictive measures against other claimants.

The Diplomat also points to a growing reliance on economic levers, such as the denial of port services and the imposition of fines, to compel compliance from commercial ships operating near disputed features. By coupling these tactics with the presence of armed fishing boats, which can operate under civilian cover, China creates a layered deterrent that is difficult for regional navies to counter without escalating tensions.

Regional observers and foreign ministries, according to the article, have expressed concern that this blended approach blurs the line between civilian law‑enforcement and military coercion, complicating existing rules of engagement. The United States and its allies are reportedly reassessing freedom‑of‑navigation operations to address the evolving threat environment while avoiding direct confrontation.

The Diplomat concludes that Beijing’s shift toward a more sophisticated, multi‑dimensional coercion strategy reflects a broader effort to consolidate control over contested maritime zones while managing the risk of triggering a larger conflict. The outlet warns that the incremental nature of these tactics may erode established norms governing the use of force at sea.

Reporting attribution: based on reporting by The Diplomat — original source: https://thediplomat.com/2026/09/china-is-moving-toward-a-new-form-of-coercion-at-sea/.