The United States concluded its military presence in Iraq earlier this year, ending a deployment that began in 2003. With the last American convoy leaving Baghdad, responsibility for national security has fully transferred to Iraqi security institutions, including the army, police and intelligence services, according to Al Jazeera.

In the weeks after the withdrawal, Iraqi officials reported a mixed picture. While the handover of bases and equipment proceeded without major incident, several regions experienced a rise in localized clashes involving armed groups that had previously operated under the umbrella of the U.S.-led coalition. The Ministry of Interior noted an increase in patrols along key transport corridors and in urban districts that were formerly under joint U.S.-Iraqi security coordination.

Militant factions, some linked to Iran-backed militias, have sought to fill perceived security gaps, prompting Baghdad to accelerate the integration of newly trained units into its command structure. The government has also called on regional partners to support the stabilization effort, emphasizing the need for a coordinated approach to prevent a resurgence of the Islamic State and other extremist elements.

Analysts cited by Al Jazeera caution that the transition could expose vulnerabilities in areas where Iraqi forces are still consolidating capabilities. The northern governorates, where Kurdish Peshmerga forces maintain a significant presence, are monitoring the situation closely, as they have historically relied on U.S. logistical support for counter‑terrorism operations.

The political environment in Baghdad remains delicate. Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al‑Sudani’s administration faces pressure to demonstrate that the security sector can operate independently of foreign assistance. Recent parliamentary debates have focused on budget allocations for the armed forces and the legal framework governing militia activities, reflecting broader concerns about sovereignty and internal cohesion.

International observers note that the withdrawal marks a turning point for Iraq’s foreign policy, potentially reshaping its relationships with both Western allies and regional powers. While the United States has pledged continued diplomatic engagement and limited advisory support, the absence of combat troops signals a shift toward a more Iraqi‑led security model.

Overall, the post‑withdrawal period appears to be characterized by a cautious recalibration of security responsibilities. Iraqi authorities are working to reinforce their presence across the country, while monitoring the actions of non‑state actors that could exploit transitional weaknesses. The coming months will likely determine whether the nation can sustain stability without direct U.S. military involvement.

Reporting attribution: based on reporting by Al Jazeera — All News — original source: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/9/30/how-does-iraqs-security-change-after-us-forces-withdraw?traffic_source=rss.